SPEAKING AND GAME
Speaking is one of the skills in English. So, it plays an important rule in studying the subject, because as we know that English is an international language. Since most of books are written in English, so Indonesians student have opportunity to practice this language in the class. In this case, the teachers must be able to help them to master the language in the limited time. Beside that the students themselves should study hard in order to be able to understand it well. There are the definitions of some words of theme:
1. Definition of speaking
Speaking is to express thoughts a loud using the voice or talk (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) David P. Harris, in his book “Testing English as a Second Language” defines speaking.
Speaking is a complex skill requiring the simultaneous use of number of different abilities which often develop at different rates. Either four or five components are generally recognized in analyses of speech process: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension.
He further says that the definition of speaking as second language:
Student’s skill in speaking a second language our fundamental concern with his ability to communicate informally on everyday subject with sufficient ease and fluency to hold the attention of his listener.
2. Speaking Ability
Talking about speaking ability, Robert Lado (1987: 126) says that:
Speaking ability is described as the ability to express one self in life situation, or the ability to report act by using the expression that is in accordance with situation.
Further Jack C.R.S. Rodgers(1963: 92) states that:
Speaking is an important ability for the students who study English as a second language based on four skills in English: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
3. Definition of Game
According to Jill Hedfield (1984: 27) in his book “A collection of games and activities for intermediate and advance students of English”, a game is activity with rules a goal and element of fun.
He further classifies the game; they are competitive game and co-operative game.
Competitive game is in which players or team race to be the first to reach the goal and Co-operative game is in which players or team work together toward a common goal.
Further he also states about the game:
The emphasis in the game is on successful communication therefore are to be found at the fluency-accuracy spectrum.
He further states that:
…they provide an opportunity for real communication, albeit within artificially defined limits, and thus constitute a bridge between the classroom and the real words.
4. The Role of the Game in Language Program
According to Jill Hedfield (1984: 45) about that:
“The inclusion of games as an integral part of any language syllabus provides an opportunity for intensive language, practice offers a context in which language is used meaningfully and as a means, and act as diagnostic tool for the teacher, for using games is simply that they are immensely enjoyable for both teacher and student.
5. The Role of Teacher
The role of the teacher in this game is very important. In this case, teacher is a centre in the classroom. He/she as a monitor, guided during the activities to be done.
The teacher should never interrupt a game which is flowing successfully in order to correct a mistake in language use. From than with the exchange of ideas. It is better for to the teacher to note the errors and to comment on it later.
Further Jill Hedfield (1984: 53) states that :
The teacher role’s role in these activities is that of monitor and resource center moving group to group. Listening, supplying and necessary language, nothing errors but not interrupting or correcting. It is a good idea to carry paper and pen and note any persistent errors area of difficulty.
Collin w.(1993: 12) in play game with English also said that:
… the teacher role, once the group listening in, contributing and if necessary correcting.
6. Some Techniques are Used in Giving Games
The game makes use of a variety of techniques. Variety of technique is important in language teaching. Techniques used include Guessing, Matching, Role play, Card game, Information gap.
Talking about that Jill H. states:
Guessing games are a familiar variant on principle. The players with the information deliberately with holds it, while other guess what it may be.
Matching games are based on different principle but also involve a transfer of information. These games involves matching identical pairs of cards or picture may be played as while class activity, where players must choose pictures or card from selection to match those by their partner from the same selection or as a card game
Role plays are many games includes an element of role play. Players are given the name and some characteristics plays in true sense, as the role play element is always subordinate to the game for the purpose of language use.
Simulation is the imitation in classroom of a total situation where the classroom becomes a street, a hotel, a supermarket which practice interaction as shops, tourist officers.
7. Some Points of Practical
It is absolutely that learners are totally familiar with the games they are asked to play game are normally in the following way:
1. Explanation by the teacher
2. Demonstration of pairs of the game by the teachers and one or two learners
3. Trial by the group in front of the class.
4. Any key language and instruction written on the board.
5. Remove from the board.
